peter gärdenfors

"In fact Linnaeus did something quite amazing for a priest's son over a hundred years before Darwin: he classified man among the animals. It was he who called man Homo sapiens."  Read more

question 2: why do we have emotions?

Joy, grief, gnawing anxiety... We have a rich spectrum of emotions which we often see as opposites to our ability to be rational. Why has evolution provided us with these apparently irrational 'disturbances'? What's the point of feelings?  Read more

question 4: can biology explain god?

Is man an image of God or is God a human invention? Leaving aside whether you're a believer or not, it's interesting to ask why so many people believe in God. Can we learn anything from biology?  Read more

question 7: what's so unique about humans?

Asked "what is a human being?" a biologist will answer "99% ape and 1% unknown". Only one single percent of our genetic material differentiates us from our nearest relative in the animal world, the chimpanzee. The latest research shows that this vital little one percent has to do with the brain...  Read more

question 9: why do children play?

Children laugh on average 400 times a day, adults 25 times. Why do we stop laughing? And why do we stop playing – most of us anyway? Is play simply a form of learning, a preparation for the future?  Read more

question 23: nature versus nurture – what makes us the way we are?

What is it that makes you resemble your parents? How does the bear know when it's time to hibernate? What makes flowers of the same species bloom at the same time? Modern evolutionary biology is an exciting research field which will eventually help us answer many of the questions that puzzle us.  Read more

question 27: why do we look for the meaning of life?

There are no simple answers to questions about the meaning of life. We are – but we know not why. The issue has always fascinated us, and the answers you get depend entirely on who you ask. Why are we so eager to find meaning? Why is it so hard for us just to take life for what it is?  Read more

question 29: can we grow human spare parts in the lab?

Damaged body organs replaced with new, healthy ones grown from the patient's own stem cells? Can this be the health care of the future – cultivating new organs in laboratories? What are the limits to the possibilities of stem-cell research?  Read more

question 30: can we become our own doctors?

A simple saliva test at home in the morning and you can decide for yourself whether you need antibiotics. An implanted sensor that keeps a check on your blood sugar and fats. One day we'll be amazed at how little we used to know about what goes on inside us.  Read more

question 32: what is a human?

We are human beings. We breathe, we grow, laugh and cry. Biologically we are animals, as Linnaeus realized back in his time. But unlike all other animal species, we can reflect on why we are here. So what exactly is a human being?  Read more

question 33: are you keeping up with your nano clock?

The nano clock – sounds like science fiction? In fact, both you and I have always been controlled by nano clocks. The world's smallest clock is actually also the world's oldest. All organisms that depend on sunlight also need something to measure time...  Read more

question 37: is stem cell research playing with life?

Sweden is at the forefront of stem cell research. The results are successful, but the ethics of embryonic stem cell research in particular are surrounded by controversy. Can we defend the use of surplus embryos in research that may lead to finding the cure for serious illnesses?  Read more

question 39: what's the price of your lifestyle?

If everyone lived the way the author of this text does, 3.5 Earths would be needed to support the planet's population. Unsettling facts like this spread a sense of guilt... Have you ever really stopped to consider how your lifestyle is affecting the global ecosystem?  Read more

question 51: is it riskier to have an older father?

It is a fact that women cannot bear children after the menopause. However, new research shows that men's sex cells also have a best-by date. And the number of mutations in the genetic material is actually larger in men than in women. What do these findings mean?  Read more